Some Medications and Witholding Periods

This is a sticky that I did for the Medical Section at BYP. Consequently many of the links and sources will take you back to BYP threads.

Medications - information and threads - withholding periods
All drugs derived from fungi or bacteria and used against other living organisms are called antibiotics, or sometimes antimicrobials. They fall into six basic categories: anthelmintic - against worms; anti-protozoal - against protozoa; antiviral - against viruses; anti-fungal - against mould and fungi; and antibacterial - against bacteria.

Antibacterials
Alphabetical order

Note: ALL antibacterials indicate that they are not to be used in food producing poultry at all.
They will not state a withholding period. This is because of concerns about antibiotic residues in our food chain. Cautious labelling also prevents any tiny residue of medication causing a reaction in anyone who is allergic and eats the eggs. Guides are given primarily with commercial needs in mind, and backyard poultry needs do not seem to be taken into account. Many of these antibiotics are safe for humans and are actually prescribed for certain human medical conditions. A withholding period of 7-14 days is conservative and the chance of any residue being in the eggs after 14 days is very very low.

Baytril - Enrofloxicin - BYP Thread
Recommended by Bayer for Respiratory Disease in poultry.

Erythromycin Thiocyanate - BYP Thread

Feeding eggs back to dogs – antibiotics - BYP Thread

Oxytetracycline BYP thread
Oxytetracycline - safe; use @ 200 mg. To 1000 mg. (1 Gm.) per gallon water; withdrawal time - 5 days. Source - Fowlboards

Tetracycline BYP Thread

Tetracycline - BYP Thread

Doxycycline tablets - 100mg per tablet - 1 tablet twice a day for an adult chicken. (See post by hensandstuff below)

Tetracycline (Doxyvet) details at Aus Pigeon Co
Doxycycline hydrochloride 120 mg/g
Directions: 3 grams in 2 litres of water for pigeons, caged and aviary birds (level measure containing 3 g is enclosed)
For Chlamydia infections, treat birds for 45 days; For other susceptible infections, treat birds for 7 – 10 days.
Remove all other sources of water during treatment and change medicated water daily. Doxyvet solution is affected by severe heat and ultraviolet light. Place medicated water in a cool, dark part of the aviary or loft. Removal of grits and other mineral sources during treatment will increase effectiveness of medication
Not to be used in birds producing meat or eggs for human consumption. Store below 30°C in a dry dark place.

Triple C - Chlortetracycline Hydrochloride - BYP Thread

Tylan - Tylosin
800mg/g Tylosin as tartrate (powder which is mixed with water to give in drinking water). Add at the rate of 100gms to 5 litres water and dissolve thoroughly. Further dilute the concentrated solution to provide 200 litres of medicated drinking water. Therapeutic treatment: Give for 3-6 days depending on severity of infection. Preventive treatment (CRD): Treat for the 1st 3 days of life. Repeat treatment for one day at 3 to 4 weeks of age, or to coincide with live vaccine or other stress.
Withholding: meat - nil; eggs - not to be used
Store below 25 degrees in dry place.
Information taken from Elanco label

Wormers (Anthelmintics) and Anti-protozoan Medications
Alphabetical order

Avitrol Plus - Off-label for use in Chickens (no residue data available)
Avitrol Plus tablets are given at a dose rate of 2 tablets per 1kg bodyweight. The syrup can be given directly to the bird at a dose rate of 4ml per 1 kg bodyweight or put in the drinking water at a rate of 25ml per 1L water. Advised to give 2 doses, 14 days apart.
A "default" withholding time of 7 days after dosing is advised for the eggs and meat.
BYP Thread containing information from Mavlab and contact phone no.

Baycox Coccidiocide Solution - Bayer PDF Information
Baycox - 25g/L Toltrazuril Administer in drinking water @ 3:1000 on 2 consecutive days using 8 hour treatment period on both days. Withholding period 14 days - meat. Withholding for eggs - six weeks.
Dr Colin Walker's info on Baycox
Buy Baycox online here

Coccivet - Vetafarm info
Active Constituents: Amprolium 80 g/L, Ethopabate 5.1 g/L.
Directions: Mix 15mL of Coccivet in 10 Litres of water. Remove all other water sources during treatment. Treat all birds continuously for 5-7 days.
Store below 30 degrees C.
Withholding period: Could find one, but the ingredients are the same as in Keystat and the withholding on that is: Meat - Nil; Eggs - Not to be used in currently laying birds, but can be used for replacement bird up to 7 days before producing eggs. Source for Keystat withholding

Cydectin Pour on for Cattle & Red Deer - Off Label use - BYP Thread for drops method
5g/L Moxidectin. Solvent: 150g/L hydrocarbon liquid. Made by Fort Dodge.
Moxidectin is a second generation macrocyclic lactone endectocide.
Dosage: 1mL per 10kg liveweight. Treats roundworms, lungworm, cattle tick, lice and mites. Withholding periods: Cattle - nil; Deer - 7 days before slaughter. Store below 30 degrees C. Protect from light.
Source: Label on container.

Emtryl (Dimetradazole) BYP Thread
Dimetradazole - (Emtryl is the brand name)- Note: Banned in USA.
Available as a water-soluble powder. Has narrow safety margin. Overdose leads to a reversible loss of balance and coordination and, in high doses, death. The medication can interfere with sperm production in cocks, leading to a temporary infertility, and so is not recommended for use during breeding. The usual dose is 1 teaspoon (3 grams) to 4½ - 8 litres of water. Lower dose rates should be used in stock birds feeding youngsters and during hot weather.
Withholding - 5 days.
Details of canker meds at Aus Pigeon Co

Flagyl - BYP Thread
Flagyl - made by Pfizer - (Metronidazole) - Treatment for canker/trichomoniasis.
Tablets - for a 2kg chook - 1/4 of a 400mg flagyl tablet daily, if its 3kg + then 1/2 tablet daily - Source
Flagyl S suspension 40mg/ml is also effective and can be given at a dose of 25-50mg/kg orally for five days or 100mg/L drinking water - Source
Withholding not specified by manufacturer - but 7 days suggested in thread.

Ivomec Drench for Sheep - Off label use - BYP Thread
Ivomec Liquid for Sheep Broad Spectrum Oral Antiparasitic Solution - Ivermectin 0.8 g/L.
Withholding Period: Meat: 10 days; Milk: Do not use within 28 days of lambing or during lactation if milk is intended for human consumption. Export Slaughter Interval: 10 days
Dosage: 2.5 mL/10 kg liveweight orally.

Ivermec/Ivermectin - BYP Thread - Scroll down to Post by County Lodge for drops dose
Ivomec Pour-on for Cattle - Off label use -
Liquid, Ivermectin 5 mg/mL
Withholding Periods: Meat: Cattle: 42 days; red deer: 35 days. Milk: Do not use within 28 days of calving or during lactation if milk is intended for human consumption. Note: the above withholding period relates to cattle. For off-label poultry use there is no guide, however Stella has given a general advice of 7 days in this post. Export Slaughter Interval: 42 days
Dosage: 1 ml/10 kg liveweight applied along the topline from the withers to the tailhead.

Keystat Solution - Coccidiostat Fact Sheet
by International Animal Health Products - The Australian Company
Contains Amprolium Hydrochloride 216g/L; Ethopabate 14g/L
Treatment Dosage rates: Mix to 1:900 for 5-7 days in the drinking water. Mild treatment - half strength for 5-7 days. Prevention dose: 1:900 every fourth day or as directed by vet.
Also available in powder form: Powder treatment rate: 500g Keystat Powder per tonne of feed. Use continuously or intermittently in the feed. Four weeks continuously is usually sufficient. For more info about the power see Here
Withholding Meat - Nil; Eggs - not to be used in currently laying birds, but can be used up to 7 days prior to egg laying.

Mectin family - Macrocyclic Lactones - Background info - BYP Thread

Moxidectin Information BYP thread with quotes from Dr Walker
Water-based - Moxidectin 2 mg/ml, praziquantel 18.8 mg/ml
Flock treatment – Dilute at the rate of 5 ml to 1 litre of drinking water and make available to the birds for 24 hours. The solution should be made fresh prior to use and provided in a clean drinking vessel. Individual bird treatment – 0.25 ml per 400 g (pigeon) body weight. Withholding period – 5 days

Nilverm Pig & Poultry Wormer - BYP Thread
Levamisole Hydrochloride at 14gm/l is the active ingrediant. For treatment of roundworms.
Given in drinking water. Replace medicated water with fresh when it's consumed or after 8 hours.
Dosage: 50ml of product to 1 litre water for every 30kg liveweight of birds you want to treat.
Withholding: Meat - Do not use less than 7 days before slaughter; Eggs - Nil.
Do not treat in extremely hot weather.
Link to the label HERE

Panacur Product Details
Fenbendazole (Panacur) By Intervet Schering-Plough Animal Health
Panacur withholding - meat 7 days.
Off-label for use in food producing poultry. Egg withholding of 7 days suggested in post below.

Piperazine
450g Piperazine Citrate - For treatment of roundworms - Made by Pharmachem
Birds - 20ml in one litre of water for one day (Pigeons)
Withholding period: meat - nil; eggs - nil
Store below 30 degrees C

Sulphadim - Coccidiosis medication - BYP Thread - scroll to post by Sandy
Active ingredients: 70mg/ml sulfadimone sodium (equivalent to 64.9mg/ml sulfadimidine).
Dosage for chickens: 4-6 drops (0.2ml - 0.3ml) to be given directly into the beak 3 times per day. Also, add 16 drops (0.8ml) per 30ml of drinking water.
Give the 6 drops and 0.8ml per 30 ml of drinking water for 5 days
Withholding period: None given - suggest 1-2 weeks.
More information HERE

Sulphaquin - Active Constituent: 70g/L Sulfaquinoxaline
For the prevention and treatment of Coccidiosis in poultry.
made by Inca (Flight) Company Pty Ltdk 22-23 Forthorn Place, St Marys NSW 2760 Ph: (02) 9833 1729
Directions for use:
Caecal Coccidiosis: Treat at outbreak for two days at the rate of 6mL per litre of water. After a further 3 days on plain water retreat birds for 2 days at a rate of 5ml per litre of water, followed by a further 3 days on plain water. Repeat this intermittent treatment as required.
Intestinal Coccidiosis: Continuous treatment for 5 days at a rate of 5ml per litre of water. On completion flush out for 3 days with 50ml of molasses per 5 litres of water.
Preventive treatment: Treat chickens at 2-3 weeks of age for 2 days at rate of 3ml per litre of water, followed by 3 days on plain water. Repeat this intermittent treatment until birds are 12 weeks of age, or until immunity is affected.
Withholding Period: Withdraw medicated water 14 days before slaughter for human consumption. Do not use in birds producing eggs for human consumption.
Store below 25 degrees C. Protect from light. Source - label from bottle.

Sulfonamides - Group of Medications
Sulpha D (sulfadiazine)
Sulpha 3 (Sulphaquinoxaline+Sulphadimidine+Sulphathiazole) not approved for meat/eggs
Sulphaquin (Sulphaquinoxaline)
Sulphadim (Sulphadimone)
Approved for use in food producing poulty following appropriate withholding:
Sulphadimidine - Offal and Meat only (if used in turkeys, avoid eating offal and skin) Sulphadiazine – Offal and meat
Sulphaquinoxaline – Offal and meat
Trimethoprim – Offal and meat
Note: sulphonamides are not approved for use in egg producing birds, therefore no data is available to establish a safe withholding. Experts on BYP have suggested a 14 day withholding if it is used, as there would be only minute residual amounts after this time.

Update: Permit issued 2009 by Australian Pesticides & Vet medicines authority for minor use of Sulphonamide medications in Australia: http://permits.apvma.gov.au/PER7615.PDF

Wormout tablets by Vetafarm
Active Constituents: per tablet: 20mg Praziquantel, 20mg Oxfendazole
For the treatment of Thread Worm (Capillaria spp.), Tapeworm (Raillietina spp., Choanotaenia spp.), Roundworm (Ascaridia spp.), and Caecal Worm (Heterakis gallinarum) in pigeons and bantams only.
Give one tablet by mouth per 2Kg body weight. Repeat in 8-12 weeks.
NOT TO BE USED on birds intended for human consumption.

Sykes Big L Wormer for Poultry and Pigs - Sykes web page
Active ingredient - levamisole Hydrochloride - 14g/L.
Withholding period: meat - 7days; eggs - nil
Big L (manufacturer Sykes) wormer for poultry and pigs. Active constituent 14g/L Levamisole
Dosage per instructions - 100mls to 2L clean water, to be removed after 8 hours.
Note: I have found reference to 14g/L and also 16g/L so take care to read the label.
Sykes Big L - BYP Thread where some details are given